Gigged Read online

  23   Hoover, Amanda. Elizabeth Warren Calls for Increased Regulations on Uber, Lyft, and the “Gig Economy.” Boston.com. May 19, 2016. https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2016/05/19/elizabeth-warren-calls-increased-regulations-uber-lyft-gig-economy.

  24   Jopson, Barney, and Leslie Hook. Elizabeth Warren Slams Uber and Lyft. Financial Times. May 19, 2016. https://www.ft.com/content/abc00336-1de1-11e6-b286-cddde55ca122.

  25   Trottman, Melanie. Employees vs. Independent Contractors: U.S. Weighs in on Debate over How to Classify Workers. The Wall Street Journal. July 15, 2015. https://www.wsj.com/articles/labor-department-releases-guidance-on-classification-of-workers-1436954401.

  26   Kreider, Benjamin. Risk Shift and the Gig Economy. Economic Policy Institute’s Working Economic Blog. August 4, 2015. http://www.epi.org/blog/risk-shift-and-the-gig-economy/.

  27   Mishel, Lawrence. Uber Is Not the Future of Work. The Atlantic. November 16, 2015. https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/11/uber-is-not-the-future-of-work/415905/.

  28   The American Presidency Project. 706—Remarks at a White House Summit on Worker Voice Question-and-Answer Session. October 7, 2015.

  29   Perez, Tom. Innovation and the Contingent Workforce. Department of Labor Blog. January 25, 2016.

  30   Borzi, Phyllis. Keynote Address at the Retirement Security in the On-Demand Economy. The Aspen Institute. April 11, 2016.

  31   Harris, S., and A. Krueger. A Proposal for Modernizing Labor Laws for Twenty-First-Century Work: The “Independent Worker.” The Hamilton Project. Discussion Paper 2015–10. December 2015. http://www.hamiltonproject.org/assets/files/modernizing_labor_laws_for_twenty_first_century_work_krueger_harris.pdf.

  32   Koopman, John. Zen and the Art of Uber Driving. Fast Company. July 14, 2016. http://www.fastcoexist.com/3061620/zen-and-the-art-of-uber-driving.

  33   Harris and Krueger, Proposal for Modernizing Labor Laws.

  34   AFL-CIO press release. AFL-CIO Asserts That Gig Economy Workers Are Employees. March 1, 2016. https://aflcio.org/press/releases/afl-cio-asserts-gig-economy-workers-are-employees.

  35   Johnston, Chris. Uber Drivers Win Key Employment Case. BBC. October 28, 2016. http://www.bbc.com/news/business-37802386.

  36   A 2017 UK government review of employment practices in the gig economy did suggest the third category, however, has resulted in more good than harm for workers. It recommended that the government clarify and enforce the criteria for the in-between classification, not eliminate it all together.

  37   Hanauer and Rolf, Shared Security, Shared Growth.

  38   US Department of Labor press release. US Labor Department Announces Availability of Grants to Develop Portable Retirement Savings Plans for Low-Wage Workers. July 27, 2016.

  CHAPTER 12

  1   Juno Is Growing. Uber People.net. https://uberpeople.net/threads/juno-refer-a-driver-get-a-bonus.92609/.

  2   The book is called Ours to Hack and to Own: The Rise of Platform Cooperativism, A New Vision for the Future of Work and a Fairer Internet.

  3   Holmberg, Susan. Fighting Short-Termism with Worker Power. The Roosevelt Institute. October 2017.

  4   Holmberg, Susan. Want to Fix US Corporations? Put Regular Workers on Company Boards. Quartz. October 23, 2017. https://work.qz.com/1106972/want-to-fix-us-corporations-put-regular-workers-on-company-boards/.

  5   Cortese, Amy. A New Wrinkle in the Gig Economy: Workers Get Most of the Money. New York Times. July 20, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/21/business/smallbusiness/a-new-wrinkle-in-the-gig-economy-workers-get-most-of-the-money.html?_r=0.

  6   Scholz, Trebor, and Nathan Schneider. The People’s Uber: Why the Sharing Economy Must Share Ownership. Fast Company. October 7, 2015. https://www.fastcompany.com/3051845/the-peoples-uber-why-the-sharing-economy-must-share-ownership.

  7   Feeding America. Food Insecurity in the United States. http://map.feedingamerica.org/county/2015/overall/arkansas/county/desha.

  8   Blanchflower, David G., and Andrew J. Oswald. What Makes an Entrepreneur? Journal of Labor Economics, vol. 16, no. 1. 1998. Pages 26–60. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1505204.

  9   Carr, Michael, and Emily Wiemers. The Decline in Lifetime Earnings Mobility in the US: Evidence from Survey-Linked Administrative Data. Working Paper. September 2016.

  10   Semuels, Alana. Poor at 20, Poor for Life. The Atlantic. July 14, 2016. https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/07/social-mobility-america/491240/.

  CHAPTER 13

  1   Bercovici, Jeff. Why Handy Chose a Painful Path to Profitability. Inc. November 2016.

  2   US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment, Hours, and Earnings from the Current Employment Statistics Survey (National).

  3   Farrell, Diana, and Fiona Greig. The Online Platform Economy: Has Growth Peaked? JP Morgan Chase Institute. November 2016.

  4   Kessler, Sarah. The Gig Economy Is Also a Management Style. Quartz. January 17, 2017. https://qz.com/862319/the-gig-economy-is-also-a-management-style/.

  5   70%: Manyika, James, Susan Lund, Jacques Bughin, Kelsey Robinson, Jan Mischke, and Deepa Mahajan. Independent Work: Choice, Necessity, and the Gig Economy. McKinsey Global Institute. October 2016. 80%: Wartzman, Rick. Working in the Gig Economy Is Both Desirable and Detestable. Fortune. April 27, 2016. http://fortune.com/2016/04/27/uber-gig-economy/. 85%: Wartzman, Rick. Working in the Gig Economy Is Both Desirable and Detestable. Fortune. April 27, 2016. http://fortune.com/2016/04/27/uber-gig-economy/.

  6   Wartzman, Working in the Gig Economy.

  7   Oisin, Hanrahan. We Must Protect the On-Demand Economy to Protect the Future of Work. Wired. November 9, 2015. https://www.wired.com/2015/11/we-must-protect-the-on-demand-economy-to-protect-the-future-of-work/.

  8   Lyft Blog. Lyft × Honest Dollar: Introducing Savings and Retirement Solutions for Lyft Drivers. November 19, 2015. https://blog.lyft.com/posts/lyft-x-honest-dollar.

  9   Bureau of Labor Statistics. National Compensation Survey: Employee Benefits in the United States, March 2014. September 2014.

  EPILOGUE

  1   Press release. Workers and US Government Cheated Out of Billions in Stolen Wages and Lost Tax Revenue. National Employment Law Project. February 19, 2014.

  2   Newton, Casey. Uber Will Eventually Replace All of Its Drivers with Self-Driving Cars. The Verge. May 28, 2014. https://hbr.org/2017/07/lots-of-employees-get-misclassified-as-contractors-heres-why-it-matters.

  3   Kessler, Sarah. A Timeline of When Self-Driving Vehicles Will Be on the Road, According to the People Making Them. Quartz. March 29, 2017. https://qz.com/943899/a-timeline-of-when-self-driving-cars-will-be-on-the-road-according-to-the-people-making-them/.

  4   McKinsey Global Institute. What the Future of Work Will Mean for Jobs, Skills, and Wages. November 2017. https://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/future-of-organizations-and-work/what-the-future-of-work-will-mean-for-jobs-skills-and-wages.

  5   Lynley, Matthew. Travis Kalanick Says Uber Has 40 Million Monthly Users. TechCrunch. October 19, 2016. https://techcrunch.com/2016/10/19/travis-kalanick-says-uber-has-40-million-monthly-active-riders/.

  6   Quoted in Dray, Philip. There Is Power in a Union. Anchor Books, 2010, page 248.

  Index

  The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.

  Accenture (professional services company)

  AFL

  AFL-CIO

  Airbnb (hospitality service)

  Amazon

  net sales

  See also Mechanical Turk

  Arise (customer service company)

  Artsicle (art rental service)r />
  A-Ryde (ride-hailing app)

  Aspen Institute

  Atlantic, The (magazine)

  Attenborough, David

  automated cars

  automation

  baby boom generation

  Backchannel (tech website)

  Bahá’í

  BBS (bulletin board system)

  Belsky, Scott

  Bernstein, Michael

  Better Business Bureau

  Bezos, Jeff

  Big Brother (reality television program)

  Bitcoin

  Black Car Fund

  blockchain technology

  Bloomberg (magazine)

  Bloomberg, Michael

  Borzi, Phyllis C.

  Bravo Brio Restaurant Group

  Brustein, AJ

  Bureau of Labor Statistics

  Burton, Diane

  Bush, Jeb

  Camp, Garrett

  Campbell, Harry

  Care.com (marketplace for independent caregivers)

  CB Insights

  Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, The

  Chia, Stan

  churn (customer attrition)

  Clark, Shelby

  cleaning services

  churn (customer attrition)

  See Handy; Homejoy; Managed by Q

  Clinton, Bill

  Clinton, Hillary

  Clinton Global Initiative

  collective action. See also labor and trade unions

  contingent work. See also freelance work; subcontractors; temp workers and agencies

  cooperatives

  Costco

  Coworker (website)

  Craigslist

  crowd workers

  income of

  See also Mechanical Turk

  Crowdflower

  crowdsourcing

  Crumbaugh, Lindsey

  Danielson, Joshua

  Davenport, Terrence

  Deliveroo (courier delivery service)

  Democracy (journal)

  Depillis, Lydia

  Desai, Bhairavi

  Diallo, Abdoul

  Dickey, Roger

  DoorDash (restaurant delivery service)

  Drivers’ Guild

  Dumas, Arkansas

  Dynamo (crowdwork action website)

  ecommerce

  Economic Policy Institute (EPI)

  Elance (freelance marketplace). See also Upwork

  Employee Benefits Security Administration (US Department of Labor)

  employees

  alternatives to current classification of

  independent contractors versus

  at Instagram

  Managed by Q and

  misclassification of

  retention

  rights of

  social safety nets and

  Uber and

  unionizing and

  Etsy (ecommerce website)

  Even (income management app)

  Facebook

  employee benefits versus contract workers

  Instagram purchased by

  minimum wage

  Uber Drivers Network NYC page

  Uber Freedom page

  Fairmondo (digital cooperative)

  family leave

  Farr, Christina

  Fast Company (magazine)

  Fidler, Devin

  Fissured Workplace, The (Weil)

  Fiverr (freelance marketplace)

  flexibility

  employees and

  gender and

  gig economy and

  Mechanical Turk and

  millennial generation and

  traditional schedules versus

  Uber and

  Fortune (magazine)

  Fortune 500

  Foster, Gary (Samaschool student)

  Fowler, Susan (Uber employee)

  freelance work

  earnings

  health insurance and

  history of online freelancing

  iCEO and

  internet freelance marketplaces

  statistics

  temporary employees versus

  traditional model

  unionization of

  See also Gigster; Upwork

  Freelancers Union

  Friedman, Thomas

  “future of work”

  “Future of Work” initiative (Aspen Institute)

  Getty Images

  Gibbon, Kevin

  gig economy

  automation and

  bonus structure

  capital investment and

  continued relevance of

  cooperatives

  decline of

  earnings

  employee model and

  flexibility and

  freedom and

  future of

  healthcare and

  history of

  independence and

  independent contractors and

  insecurity and

  instability and

  jury duty and

  lawsuits and

  Medicare

  politics and

  portable benefits and

  ratings systems

  retirement security and

  as safety net

  socioeconomics and

  startup valuations

  as stop-gap technology

  unionization and

  unit economics

  worker classification

  worker demographics

  worker retention

  worker training and motivation

  Gigster (software development website)

  interview and screening process

  Karma score

  remote talent workers

  worker earnings

  See also Larson, Curtis

  Global Entrepreneurship Summit

  Global Information Network (GIN)

  Goldman Sachs

  Gompers, Samuel

  Gonzalez, Maria

  Good Jobs Strategy

  Good Jobs Strategy (Ton)

  Google

  Google Images

  Google Scholar

  Google Ventures

  Great Recession

  Great Risk Shift, The (Hacker)

  Green, Shakira (Samaschool student)

  Griswold, Alison

  GroupMe (messaging app)

  Grubhub (food delivery service)

  Guardian, The (newspaper)

  Gumora, Michael

  Hacker, Jacob

  Hacker News (tech forum)

  Hanauer, Nick

  Handy (cleaning service)

  customer complaints

  lawsuits

  ratings scale

  worker rates and benefits

  worker retention

  worker training

  Hanley, Dervala

  Hanrahan, Oisin

  Harris, Seth

  Hayek, Friedrich

  healthcare

  Affordable Care Act

  in Canada

  COBRA

  independent contractors and

  Medicare

  Hermes UK (delivery service)

  Highlight (social networking app)

  Holmberg, Susan

  Homejoy (home-cleaning service)

  household income

  H.U.G. (Helping You Grow)

  Hughes, Chris

  Human Intelligence Tasks (HITs)

  Husein, Mamdooh (“Abe”)

  iCEO (automated management system)

  IKEA

  Inc. (magazine)

  independent business operators (IBOs)

  independent contractors

  alternatives to current classification of

  Arise and

  category of

  definition of

  earnings

  employees versus

  Gigster and

  misclassification of

  switch to employee model from

  Uber and

  unions and
/>   worker benefits and

  worker classification and

  See also subcontractors

  Independent Drivers Guild

  independent worker, proposed category of

  Industrial Revolution

  inequality

  Instacart (grocery delivery service)

  Instagram

  Institute for the Future

  International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers

  International Brotherhood of Teamsters

  International Labour Office (United Nations)

  Irani, Lilly

  iStockphoto

  Janah, Leila

  janitorial industry

  JCPenney

  jobs, traditional definition of

  Juno (ride-hailing service)

  jury duty

  Kalanick, Travis

  Kasriel, Stephane

  Kath, Ryan

  Kelly Services (“Kelly Girls”)

  Kinder, Shane

  King, Martin Luther, Jr.

  Knight, Brandon

  Knox, Anthony

  Konsus (project outsourcing service)

  Koopman, John

  Krueger, Alan

  labor and trade unions

  AFL

  AFL-CIO

  collective action

  Freelancers Union

  International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers

  International Brotherhood of Teamsters

  Screen Actors Guild

  Unionen (Swedish white-collar trade union)

  United Construction Trades and Industrial Employees Union

  Lane, Ty

  Larson, Curtis

  Leadum, Mario

  LG Electronics

  limited liability companies

  Loconomics (service-provider cooperative)

  Logan, Kristen

  Lyft (ride-hailing service)

  lawsuits

  price war with Uber

  retirement savings and

  stop-gap technology and

  tips and

  Managed by Q (property maintenance service)

  career development and

  employee model and

  funding

  “future of work” and

  Good Jobs Strategy and